For example, in Java, a very simple class for a dog would look like this: A class usually consists of a name, a set of attributes, and a set of operations. Think of a class as a blueprint of a type of object. However, if each object had to be created individually, this approach would not bring much value, which is why in object-oriented languages, objects are organized into classes. An object defines the types of data that is known about it, and the various actions that it can perform. For example, in a program that simulates a zoo, objects would represent the different types of animals. An object in a program is meant to be a representation of a real-world object. As the name suggests, OOP is based on the idea of using objects. The concept of object-oriented programming emerged in the early 1970s as an alternative to procedural programming. This was a solid approach, but in larger programs it tended to create code that was difficult to understand and maintain.
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The procedural philosophy encouraged the separation of the data from the functionality of the program. These instructions would be executed one by one in order, while occasionally calling sub-routines along the way.
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Before object-oriented programming (OOP) gained momentum, the dominating software design methodology was procedural programming, which is, essentially, a series of instructions for the computer. Understanding Object-Oriented Programmingīecause Java is object-oriented, no discussion about the language can be complete without explaining what this concept means.